OBJECT PERMANENCE - the understanding that objects continue to exist when they can't be seen

TRANSITIONAL OBJECT - objects of affection to which the child is attached. Used to self-soothe and produces a calming effect, especially in stressful situations

PINCER GRASP - grasp when a small object is held between the pads of the thumb and index or middle fingers. Like pinching

SEPARATION ANXIETY - expressions of discomfort, such as crying, when separated from an attachment figure

SCAFFOLDING - children's learning of new skills guided by an adult. The adult must gain the child's attention, model the behavior, and adapt the process to the child's ability

INFANT DIRECTED SPEECH - the simplified, high-pitched speech that adults use with infants and young children